Docker for Django

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Docker Documentation(DOCUMENTATION)

Docker ensures consistent environments across development and production.

Dockerfile

dockerfile
# Dockerfile
FROM python:3.11-slim

# Set environment variables
ENV PYTHONDONTWRITEBYTECODE=1
ENV PYTHONUNBUFFERED=1
ENV PIP_NO_CACHE_DIR=1

# Set work directory
WORKDIR /app

# Install system dependencies
RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y \
    libpq-dev \
    gcc \
    && rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*

# Install Python dependencies
COPY requirements.txt .
RUN pip install --upgrade pip && \
    pip install -r requirements.txt

# Copy project
COPY . .

# Collect static files
RUN python manage.py collectstatic --noinput

# Create non-root user
RUN adduser --disabled-password --gecos '' appuser
RUN chown -R appuser:appuser /app
USER appuser

# Run gunicorn
CMD ["gunicorn", "--bind", "0.0.0.0:8000", "myproject.wsgi:application"]

Multi-Stage Build

dockerfile
# Dockerfile.multistage

# Build stage
FROM python:3.11-slim as builder

WORKDIR /app

RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y \
    libpq-dev gcc

COPY requirements.txt .
RUN pip wheel --no-cache-dir --wheel-dir /app/wheels -r requirements.txt

# Final stage
FROM python:3.11-slim

WORKDIR /app

RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y libpq5 && \
    rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*

COPY --from=builder /app/wheels /wheels
RUN pip install --no-cache /wheels/*

COPY . .

RUN adduser --disabled-password appuser && \
    chown -R appuser:appuser /app
USER appuser

RUN python manage.py collectstatic --noinput

CMD ["gunicorn", "--bind", "0.0.0.0:8000", "myproject.wsgi:application"]

Docker Compose

yaml
# docker-compose.yml
version: '3.8'

services:
  web:
    build: .
    ports:
      - "8000:8000"
    environment:
      - DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE=myproject.settings.production
      - DATABASE_URL=postgres://postgres:postgres@db:5432/myproject
      - REDIS_URL=redis://redis:6379/0
    depends_on:
      - db
      - redis
    volumes:
      - static_volume:/app/staticfiles
      - media_volume:/app/media

  db:
    image: postgres:15
    volumes:
      - postgres_data:/var/lib/postgresql/data
    environment:
      - POSTGRES_DB=myproject
      - POSTGRES_USER=postgres
      - POSTGRES_PASSWORD=postgres

  redis:
    image: redis:7-alpine

  nginx:
    image: nginx:alpine
    ports:
      - "80:80"
      - "443:443"
    volumes:
      - ./nginx.conf:/etc/nginx/conf.d/default.conf
      - static_volume:/var/www/static
      - media_volume:/var/www/media
    depends_on:
      - web

  celery:
    build: .
    command: celery -A myproject worker -l info
    environment:
      - DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE=myproject.settings.production
      - DATABASE_URL=postgres://postgres:postgres@db:5432/myproject
      - REDIS_URL=redis://redis:6379/0
    depends_on:
      - db
      - redis

volumes:
  postgres_data:
  static_volume:
  media_volume:

Production Docker Compose

yaml
# docker-compose.prod.yml
version: '3.8'

services:
  web:
    image: myregistry.com/myproject:${TAG:-latest}
    restart: always
    env_file:
      - .env.production
    deploy:
      replicas: 3
      resources:
        limits:
          memory: 512M
    healthcheck:
      test: ["CMD", "curl", "-f", "http://localhost:8000/health/"]
      interval: 30s
      timeout: 10s
      retries: 3

.dockerignore

# .dockerignore
.git
.gitignore
.env*
*.pyc
__pycache__
.pytest_cache
.coverage
htmlcov
*.log
.vscode
.idea
node_modules
media/*
staticfiles/*
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