Database Configuration

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Database Settings(DOCUMENTATION)

Introduction

Production databases need connection pooling, SSL, proper credentials management, and backup strategies.

Key Concepts

Connection Pooling: Reusing database connections for efficiency.

CONN_MAX_AGE: Django setting for persistent connections.

SSL/TLS: Encrypted database connections.

Deep Dive

PostgreSQL Configuration

python
# settings/production.py
DATABASES = {
    'default': {
        'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.postgresql',
        'NAME': os.environ['DB_NAME'],
        'USER': os.environ['DB_USER'],
        'PASSWORD': os.environ['DB_PASSWORD'],
        'HOST': os.environ['DB_HOST'],
        'PORT': os.environ.get('DB_PORT', '5432'),
        'CONN_MAX_AGE': 60,  # Keep connections open
        'OPTIONS': {
            'sslmode': 'require',
        },
    }
}

Using dj-database-url

python
# pip install dj-database-url
import dj_database_url

DATABASES = {
    'default': dj_database_url.config(
        default=os.environ['DATABASE_URL'],
        conn_max_age=60,
        ssl_require=True
    )
}

Connection Pooling with PgBouncer

python
# When using PgBouncer
DATABASES = {
    'default': {
        'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.postgresql',
        'NAME': os.environ['DB_NAME'],
        'HOST': 'pgbouncer-host',
        'PORT': '6432',  # PgBouncer port
        'CONN_MAX_AGE': 0,  # Let PgBouncer handle pooling
        'DISABLE_SERVER_SIDE_CURSORS': True,
    }
}

Read Replicas

python
DATABASES = {
    'default': {...},
    'replica': {
        'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.postgresql',
        'NAME': os.environ['DB_NAME'],
        'HOST': os.environ['DB_REPLICA_HOST'],
        ...
    }
}

# Router for read/write splitting
DATABASE_ROUTERS = ['myproject.routers.PrimaryReplicaRouter']

Best Practices

  1. Use CONN_MAX_AGE: Reduces connection overhead.
  2. Enable SSL: Always encrypt database connections.
  3. Use connection pooling: PgBouncer for high-traffic sites.
  4. Separate credentials: Different passwords for prod/staging.

Summary

Configure databases with connection pooling (CONN_MAX_AGE), SSL encryption, and consider PgBouncer for high-traffic applications. Use environment variables for credentials.

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