Nginx Configuration

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Nginx Docs(DOCUMENTATION)

Nginx serves as a reverse proxy, handling SSL, static files, and load balancing.

Basic Configuration

nginx
# /etc/nginx/sites-available/myproject

upstream django {
    server unix:/run/gunicorn/myproject.sock;
    # Or TCP: server 127.0.0.1:8000;
}

server {
    listen 80;
    server_name example.com www.example.com;
    
    # Redirect HTTP to HTTPS
    return 301 https://$server_name$request_uri;
}

server {
    listen 443 ssl http2;
    server_name example.com www.example.com;
    
    # SSL certificates
    ssl_certificate /etc/letsencrypt/live/example.com/fullchain.pem;
    ssl_certificate_key /etc/letsencrypt/live/example.com/privkey.pem;
    ssl_protocols TLSv1.2 TLSv1.3;
    ssl_ciphers ECDHE-ECDSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256:ECDHE-RSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256;
    ssl_prefer_server_ciphers off;
    
    # Security headers
    add_header X-Frame-Options "SAMEORIGIN" always;
    add_header X-Content-Type-Options "nosniff" always;
    add_header X-XSS-Protection "1; mode=block" always;
    add_header Strict-Transport-Security "max-age=31536000; includeSubDomains" always;
    
    # Logging
    access_log /var/log/nginx/myproject_access.log;
    error_log /var/log/nginx/myproject_error.log;
    
    # Max upload size
    client_max_body_size 10M;
    
    # Static files
    location /static/ {
        alias /var/www/myproject/staticfiles/;
        expires 1y;
        add_header Cache-Control "public, immutable";
    }
    
    # Media files
    location /media/ {
        alias /var/www/myproject/media/;
        expires 1M;
        add_header Cache-Control "public";
    }
    
    # Django app
    location / {
        proxy_set_header Host $http_host;
        proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
        proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
        proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Proto $scheme;
        proxy_redirect off;
        proxy_pass http://django;
    }
}

Enable Site

bash
# Create symbolic link
sudo ln -s /etc/nginx/sites-available/myproject /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/

# Test configuration
sudo nginx -t

# Reload Nginx
sudo systemctl reload nginx

SSL with Let's Encrypt

bash
# Install Certbot
sudo apt install certbot python3-certbot-nginx

# Obtain certificate
sudo certbot --nginx -d example.com -d www.example.com

# Auto-renewal (usually set up automatically)
sudo certbot renew --dry-run

Load Balancing

nginx
upstream django {
    least_conn;  # Load balancing method
    
    server 127.0.0.1:8001 weight=3;
    server 127.0.0.1:8002;
    server 127.0.0.1:8003 backup;
}

WebSocket Support (for ASGI)

nginx
location /ws/ {
    proxy_http_version 1.1;
    proxy_set_header Upgrade $http_upgrade;
    proxy_set_header Connection "upgrade";
    proxy_set_header Host $host;
    proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
    proxy_pass http://django;
}

Rate Limiting

nginx
# In http block
limit_req_zone $binary_remote_addr zone=api:10m rate=10r/s;

# In location block
location /api/ {
    limit_req zone=api burst=20 nodelay;
    proxy_pass http://django;
}
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